diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1aedec31..3bb6954a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: npm ci
       - name: Native helper regression tests
-        run: npm test -- tests/scripts/hide-readiness.test.ts tests/scripts/macos-ops.test.ts --maxWorkers=1
+        run: npm test -- tests/scripts/hide-readiness.test.ts tests/scripts/macos-ops.test.ts tests/relay/recover-launching-guard.test.ts --maxWorkers=1
diff --git a/scripts/relay/recover-abandoned-guard.ts b/scripts/relay/recover-abandoned-guard.ts
index 58e94ab0..6da6f06b 100644
--- a/scripts/relay/recover-abandoned-guard.ts
+++ b/scripts/relay/recover-abandoned-guard.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ import { constants } from 'node:fs';
 import { open } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { bounded } from './lifecycle.js';
 import { processSnapshot, type ProcessIdentity } from './ownership.js';
+import { recoverLaunchingGuard, processReferencesDirectory } from './recover-launching-guard.js';
 import { recoverExitedGuard } from './recover-exited-guard.js';
 export async function recoverAbandonedGuard(
   markerPath: string,
   deadline: number,
   snapshot = processSnapshot,
+  references = processReferencesDirectory,
 ): Promise<boolean> {
   const remaining = () => Math.max(0, deadline - Date.now());
   try {
@@ -24,7 +26,10 @@ export async function recoverAbandonedGuard(
         stat.mode & 0o077
       )
         return false;
-      const marker = JSON.parse(await bounded(handle.readFile('utf8'), remaining()));
+      const raw = await bounded(handle.readFile('utf8'), remaining());
+      const marker = JSON.parse(raw);
+      if (marker?.state === 'launching' && !marker.browser)
+        return await recoverLaunchingGuard(markerPath, raw, stat, deadline, snapshot, references);
       const root = marker?.browser as ProcessIdentity | undefined;
       if (
         !root ||
diff --git a/scripts/relay/recover-launching-guard.ts b/scripts/relay/recover-launching-guard.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74b0fa21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/relay/recover-launching-guard.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/** 실행 환경 태그까지 두 번 확인하여 시작 도중 종료한 감시자의 기록만 보존합니다. */
+import { execFile } from 'node:child_process';
+import { promisify } from 'node:util';
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { constants } from 'node:fs';
+import { open, lstat, rename } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { dirname, basename } from 'node:path';
+import { bounded } from './lifecycle.js';
+import { processSnapshot } from './ownership.js';
+export function environmentSnapshotArgs(platform: string, uid: number): string[] {
+  return [platform === 'darwin' ? '-Eww' : 'eww', '-U', String(uid), '-o', 'pid=,command='];
+}
+/** 원문 환경은 반환하거나 기록하지 않고 해당 태그·PID의 존재 여부만 반환합니다. */
+export async function processReferencesDirectory(
+  directory: string,
+  guardPid: number,
+  deadline: number,
+  capture: (
+    args: string[],
+    options: { timeout: number; maxBuffer: number; env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv },
+  ) => Promise<{ stdout: string }> = (args, options) =>
+    promisify(execFile)('/bin/ps', args, options),
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const nonce = randomUUID();
+  const { stdout } = await capture(environmentSnapshotArgs(process.platform, process.getuid!()), {
+    timeout: Math.max(1, Math.min(2000, deadline - Date.now())),
+    maxBuffer: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
+    env: { ...process.env, DAISO_RECOVERY_SNAPSHOT: nonce },
+  });
+  const containsPid = (pid: number) => new RegExp(`^\\s*${pid}\\s`, 'm').test(stdout);
+  // 환경 조회 자체가 생략되거나 불완전한 관측이면 회수를 거절합니다.
+  if (!containsPid(process.pid) || !stdout.includes(`DAISO_RECOVERY_SNAPSHOT=${nonce}`))
+    throw new Error('Incomplete process environment snapshot');
+  return containsPid(guardPid) || stdout.includes(directory);
+}
+export async function recoverLaunchingGuard(
+  markerPath: string,
+  raw: string,
+  expected: { dev: number; ino: number },
+  deadline: number,
+  snapshot = processSnapshot,
+  references = processReferencesDirectory,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const remaining = () => Math.max(0, deadline - Date.now());
+  const marker = JSON.parse(raw);
+  const crashDir = marker.crashDir;
+  if (
+    !Number.isSafeInteger(marker.guardPid) ||
+    marker.guardPid <= 1 ||
+    typeof crashDir !== 'string' ||
+    dirname(crashDir) !== dirname(markerPath) ||
+    !basename(crashDir).startsWith(basename(markerPath) + '.') ||
+    !/\.[0-9a-f]{8}(?:-[0-9a-f]{4}){3}-[0-9a-f]{12}\.crashpad$/i.test(crashDir)
+  )
+    return false;
+  const handle = await open(
+    markerPath,
+    constants.O_RDONLY | constants.O_NOFOLLOW | constants.O_NONBLOCK,
+  );
+  try {
+    const stat = await bounded(handle.stat(), remaining());
+    if (stat.dev !== expected.dev || stat.ino !== expected.ino) return false;
+    for (let round = 0; round < 2; round++) {
+      const rows = await bounded(snapshot(), remaining());
+      if (rows.some((row) => row.pid === marker.guardPid || row.command?.includes(crashDir)))
+        return false;
+      if (await bounded(references(crashDir, marker.guardPid, deadline), remaining())) return false;
+    }
+    const content = Buffer.alloc(Buffer.byteLength(raw));
+    await bounded(handle.read(content, 0, content.length, 0), remaining());
+    if (content.toString() !== raw || (await handle.stat()).size !== content.length) return false;
+    const current = await bounded(lstat(markerPath), remaining());
+    if (current.dev !== stat.dev || current.ino !== stat.ino || !remaining()) return false;
+    await rename(markerPath, `${markerPath}.exited-${randomUUID()}`);
+    return true;
+  } finally {
+    await handle.close();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/relay/recover-launching-guard.test.ts b/tests/relay/recover-launching-guard.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0013d949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/relay/recover-launching-guard.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import { mkdtemp, writeFile, rm, readdir, stat, rename } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+import { once } from 'node:events';
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { recoverAbandonedGuard } from '../../scripts/relay/recover-abandoned-guard.js';
+import {
+  recoverLaunchingGuard,
+  processReferencesDirectory,
+  environmentSnapshotArgs,
+} from '../../scripts/relay/recover-launching-guard.js';
+const dirs: string[] = [];
+afterEach(async () => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  vi.useRealTimers();
+  for (const dir of dirs) await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+async function fixture(change: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  const dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'launch-recovery-'));
+  dirs.push(dir);
+  const marker = join(dir, 'owner.json');
+  const value = {
+    guardPid: 12345,
+    state: 'launching',
+    crashDir: marker + '.' + randomUUID() + '.crashpad',
+    ...change,
+  };
+  const raw = JSON.stringify(value);
+  await writeFile(marker, raw, { mode: 0o600 });
+  return { dir, marker, value, raw };
+}
+it('시작 실패 마커는 감시자와 환경 태그의 소멸을 두 번 확인한 뒤 보존한다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture();
+  const snapshot = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]);
+  const references = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+  expect(await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 5000, snapshot, references)).toBe(true);
+  expect(snapshot).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  expect(references).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  expect((await readdir(f.dir)).filter((x) => x.startsWith('owner.json.exited-'))).toHaveLength(1);
+});
+it('실제 프로세스 및 환경 관측으로도 존재하지 않는 감시자 기록만 회수한다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture({ guardPid: 99999999 });
+  expect(await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 10000)).toBe(true);
+});
+it.each([
+  { guardPid: 0 },
+  { guardPid: 'bad' },
+  { guardPid: 1.5 },
+  { crashDir: undefined },
+  { crashDir: '/other/file.crashpad' },
+  { crashDir: 'bad' },
+])('불완전한 시작 기록은 거절한다 %j', async (change) => {
+  const f = await fixture(change);
+  expect(
+    await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+      f.marker,
+      Date.now() + 5000,
+      async () => [],
+      async () => false,
+    ),
+  ).toBe(false);
+});
+it('다른 마커 이름과 UUID가 없는 경로를 거절한다', async () => {
+  for (const suffix of ['other.' + randomUUID() + '.crashpad', 'owner.json.not-uuid.crashpad']) {
+    const f = await fixture();
+    await writeFile(f.marker, JSON.stringify({ ...f.value, crashDir: join(f.dir, suffix) }));
+    expect(
+      await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+        f.marker,
+        Date.now() + 5000,
+        async () => [],
+        async () => false,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  }
+});
+it('브라우저 정체가 있는 기록은 기존의 더 엄격한 회수 절차를 유지한다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture({ browser: {} });
+  expect(
+    await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+      f.marker,
+      Date.now() + 5000,
+      async () => [],
+      async () => false,
+    ),
+  ).toBe(false);
+});
+it('살아 있는 감시자·명령 인수·환경 태그는 어느 관측에서든 회수를 막는다', async () => {
+  const row = { pid: 99, ppid: 1, pgid: 99, rss: 0, birth: 'birth', command: 'node' };
+  for (const kind of ['guard', 'command', 'tag', 'second-tag', 'unrelated']) {
+    const f = await fixture();
+    const rows =
+      kind === 'guard'
+        ? [{ ...row, pid: f.value.guardPid }]
+        : kind === 'command'
+          ? [{ ...row, command: f.value.crashDir }]
+          : [{ ...row, command: kind === 'unrelated' ? undefined : 'node' }];
+    const references = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(kind === 'tag');
+    if (kind === 'second-tag') references.mockResolvedValueOnce(false).mockResolvedValue(true);
+    expect(
+      await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 5000, async () => rows, references),
+    ).toBe(kind === 'unrelated');
+  }
+});
+it('파일 정체가 바뀌거나 내용이 수정되면 보존 이동을 거절한다', async () => {
+  for (const kind of ['content', 'size', 'inode']) {
+    const f = await fixture();
+    let count = 0;
+    const refs = async () => {
+      if (++count === 2) {
+        if (kind === 'content') await writeFile(f.marker, f.raw.replace('12345', '54321'));
+        else if (kind === 'size') await writeFile(f.marker, f.raw + ' ');
+        else {
+          await writeFile(f.marker + '.new', f.raw, { mode: 0o600 });
+          await rename(f.marker + '.new', f.marker);
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+    expect(await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 5000, async () => [], refs)).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+  }
+});
+it('열린 파일의 장치·inode가 기대와 다르면 프로세스 검사 전에 거절한다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture();
+  const s = await stat(f.marker);
+  for (const expected of [
+    { dev: s.dev + 1, ino: s.ino },
+    { dev: s.dev, ino: s.ino + 1 },
+  ])
+    expect(
+      await recoverLaunchingGuard(
+        f.marker,
+        f.raw,
+        expected,
+        Date.now() + 5000,
+        async () => [],
+        async () => false,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+});
+it('불확실한 프로세스 관측과 기한 만료에는 기존 기록을 유지한다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture();
+  expect(
+    await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+      f.marker,
+      Date.now() + 5000,
+      async () => {
+        throw Error('unavailable');
+      },
+      async () => false,
+    ),
+  ).toBe(false);
+  expect(
+    await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+      f.marker,
+      Date.now() + 5000,
+      async () => [],
+      async () => {
+        throw Error('unavailable');
+      },
+    ),
+  ).toBe(false);
+  vi.useFakeTimers();
+  const deadline = Date.now() + 5000;
+  let count = 0;
+  expect(
+    await recoverAbandonedGuard(
+      f.marker,
+      deadline,
+      async () => [],
+      async () => {
+        if (++count === 2) vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(deadline + 1);
+        return false;
+      },
+    ),
+  ).toBe(false);
+});
+it('환경 원문을 반환하지 않고 태그·PID와 관측 완전성만 검사한다', async () => {
+  for (const kind of ['clean', 'tag', 'guard', 'missing-self', 'missing-env']) {
+    const capture = vi.fn(async (_args: string[], options: { env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv }) => ({
+      stdout:
+        (kind === 'missing-self' ? '' : `${process.pid} node\n`) +
+        (kind === 'missing-env'
+          ? ''
+          : `999 /bin/ps DAISO_RECOVERY_SNAPSHOT=${options.env.DAISO_RECOVERY_SNAPSHOT}\n`) +
+        (kind === 'guard'
+          ? '12345 browser\n'
+          : kind === 'tag'
+            ? '55 browser BREAKPAD_DUMP_LOCATION=/private/owned.crashpad\n'
+            : ''),
+    }));
+    const result = processReferencesDirectory(
+      '/private/owned.crashpad',
+      12345,
+      Date.now() - 1,
+      capture,
+    );
+    if (kind.startsWith('missing')) await expect(result).rejects.toThrow('Incomplete');
+    else expect(await result).toBe(kind !== 'clean');
+    expect(capture.mock.calls[0][1]).toMatchObject({ timeout: 1, maxBuffer: 16 * 1024 * 1024 });
+  }
+});
+
+it('운영체제별 ps 환경 조회 인수를 명시한다', () => {
+  expect(environmentSnapshotArgs('darwin', 501)).toEqual([
+    '-Eww',
+    '-U',
+    '501',
+    '-o',
+    'pid=,command=',
+  ]);
+  expect(environmentSnapshotArgs('linux', 1000)).toEqual([
+    'eww',
+    '-U',
+    '1000',
+    '-o',
+    'pid=,command=',
+  ]);
+});
+it('명령 인수에는 없는 실제 자식의 환경 태그가 남으면 회수하지 않는다', async () => {
+  const f = await fixture({ guardPid: 99999999 });
+  const child = spawn(
+    process.execPath,
+    ['-e', 'process.stdout.write("ready"); setInterval(() => {}, 1000)'],
+    {
+      env: { ...process.env, BREAKPAD_DUMP_LOCATION: f.value.crashDir },
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'ignore'],
+    },
+  );
+  const exited = once(child, 'exit');
+  try {
+    await once(child.stdout!, 'data');
+    expect(await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 10000)).toBe(false);
+  } finally {
+    child.kill('SIGTERM');
+    await exited;
+  }
+  expect(await recoverAbandonedGuard(f.marker, Date.now() + 10000)).toBe(true);
+}, 30000);